Showing posts with label Nature. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Nature. Show all posts

Thursday, 24 April 2014

交功課 - 尋找生命的教育:從中學到農田

中文大學教育學院
學位教師教育文憑課程(中學)
PGDE5206H環境教育自選題材 (2013-2014)

尋找生命的教育:從中學到農田


        我曾是一個中學的英文老師,現則一個星期有五天在錦上路謝屋村務農。原因很簡單,因為喜歡,但為了應付一篇二千字的功課,所以趁機整理一下我過去三年比較零碎的想法。


還記得第一次到中學面試時,我因拿著藝術歷史及建築歷史的學位,被英文科科主任問:「為何你認為你可以拿著和英文不相關的學位到本校任教英文?」天真瀾漫的我回覆:「因為我想透過藝術及建築,瞭解人類存在的意義和存在意義所涉及的符號。藝術及建築作為一個較易刺激五官感受的媒體相對可使我更容易感受以存在意義為命題的各種思考與感覺。英文我認為是一個渠道去瞭解一個東方以外的大文化歷史體系,可成為瞭解人類歷史過去、現在、未來和存在意義的道具。」我覺得作為語文科老師如果不探討或協助學生去研究人生的意義,那課堂實在是太乏味了。但很快我就發現原來中學教育不是這麼一回事,我倒更像一個工廠裡的監工確保每一人都能夠倒模般背誦一系列的生字,一篇又一篇的範文。讓我吃驚的是學生們透過十數年的教育,不但不喜歡上課,更不喜歡閱讀課外書,卻竟可取得好成績。記得和其中一個中五英文名列前茅的學生聊天,問他:「有沒有閱讀的習慣?」他說:「沒有。」「那最近看的是什麼書?」「How to Write Better Essays.」我真的嚇怕了,英文教育竟淪為一種解構語文成文法與生字攝取的取分遊戲,竟沒有一人為喜悅而閱讀。但為了確保學生培養閱讀的習慣,學校竟給學生們一份又一份的閱讀報告功課,使原本可能是純粹的快樂閱讀,變成沉悶的功課。甚至曾有英文科老師認為有寫字成分的習作或寫作才算功課,純粹的閱讀由於不能量化,所以不算功課。於是,英文只是一門語言學的解構和重構遊戲,成為入大學的門票,而非定位為一樣瞭解西方文明的橋樑。其實是我浪漫化了香港教育這回事。試問這種為進大學的語言教育又如何能夠培育一種對追求知識的終身學習?文學、電影、音樂、戲劇、遊戲等都只是一種依附於英文教學的小道具,重點卻放在一種大學程度的學術英語。這也意味著英語的教育其實在中學完結時已經圓滿結束了。我感覺自己滿手鮮血,不但沒有使學生愛上英文,更使他們討厭學習,放棄好奇。這可是影響他們一生的!


        就在我教學生涯的低潮,我看到問題的癥結。香港的教育都是一種理論的學習,並非著重實踐。我並不是否定理論的重要性,但腳踏實地的創造是有其重要之處,學習應該是一門有理論,有實踐的學問,非單一的紙上談兵。當我們把香港定位為著重金融、地產、服務、所謂高知識、高增值產業的一個國際金融都市時,帶來的後遺症是,我們都失去了創造、失去了勞動、失去了手藝。一切都淪為腦部運動和相附的語言藝術,彷彿手腳的運用等同低下階層的厭惡性工作。多少的怪獸家長,並非生出來就是怪獸,但都中了一種入大學就成為過海神仙的毒。香港作家陳曉蕾就說過現在的家長用心良苦,不讓孩子輸在起跑線,替孩子打點一切入名校的準備,希望保証他們入大學,但二十年後的世界極有可能是一個土地、空氣、海洋被污染,資源短缺、溫室加劇、水位上漲、氣候極端恆常化的地球。縱使保住了大學學位,又如何?美國金融投資專家Jim Rogers這幾年來的巡迴大學演講也對年輕人說:「如果你希望再進修,忘記工商管理學碩士吧。去讀一個農業學位,因為金融投資,銀行服務這些行業即將在十至二十年來沒落,金錢的不斷眨值意味著實物產業的捲土重來。未來最有價值的必定是食物。[1]」英國理論物理學巨人Stephen Hawking的推測也十分有趣,有人問他為甚麼到今天也沒有外星人探訪地球,他表示極有可能因為當一文明發展到了一個程度,會開始製造有害於本身文化承傳的各樣武器或實驗,最後意外地導致該文明的徹底消失。[2]確實,仔細地想想,從石器時代到核能年代,我們究竟進化了多少,每一次的科技大躍進使我們生活更舒適?還是更容易,更有效率地帶來毀滅性的破壞?我個人對於依賴科技來解決人類一切的問題有一定的懷疑,或許前天文台台長林超英的說法更貼切,「我們需要學會敬與愛大自然,並非淩駕於它去嘗試改變它的規律。」香港依然是一個很漂亮的城市,試問普天之下有哪一個繁忙如此的都市既靠山,又面水?八成多是綠化了的地帶,但我們多卻用一種消費或消耗式的方法和大自然互動。接觸它不是不好,但如果每次去欣賞它都是取它多於給它的一種單向關係,我們始終也會讓被觀賞,被使用的環境負荷過度。香港也是一個很可悲的城市,過度短暫、快捷、速食、變遷的文化使我們沒有在地感和歷史感。很多很多的歷史痕跡都在城市經濟發展的大原則下被犧牲了。後果,很老土的講一句,就是我們窮得只有錢。縱使我們可以從世界各地引入各種水果生菜,肉類海鮮,基本如水和米也是要大量購入的。我們甚至認為下一代不需要暸解食物的生與死,有能力消費,有能力享受更重要。作為一個教育工作者,我十分困惑於一個個體在國際金融都會的存在價值,彷彿我就像無數餐桌上小吃一般,只是有被使用的價值與其相附的價錢。但卻可隨時被帶有相同價值的東西所取替。如果從最基本的,最原始的餐桌上,我們不讓孩子暸解食為何物,只用金錢買來使用牲畜死後的使用權利,那我該如何思索、傳授、分享屬於生命的教育?


六個月的深耕確實使我對於生命有更深刻的體會,我所學的有機耕種對農耕有著以下的討論重點。

《 概念討論 》
1. 有機耕種 / 永續農業 / 自然永衡法 / 生物動力農法 / 自然農法 。
不同的名稱,有不同的則重點,這些概念的共通地方,是透過實踐,展示和反思現行農業系統的問題。不同進路本身,蘊涵不同的自然觀與消費觀念,也有相關的農業技術互相配合。

2.
香港農業的盛衰
討論範圍包括:發展歷史、農業政策、興衰、困局,思考永續農業在今日香港的角色。

3.
認識病蟲與種植的關係。

《 農務實踐 》
1.
透過利用 Permaculture 的設計方法,建造一個永續、安全及高產的種植環境。

2.
生態觀察 | 植物由生到死都與整個自然環境扣連。農夫首要學習發問與觀察,掌握宇宙、空氣、四季、水土、動植物的依存關係,然後開始設計種植的流程。

3.
土壤管理 | 透過觀察,進入設計及種植,農夫要安排一個合適的地方種植合適的植物。陽光、水份,主要是從考慮農場環境來執行,但植物的養份,則要透過良好的土壤管理與堆肥來實踐。學習製作不同形態的肥料,配合不同植物及生長階段的需要。

4. 種植 | 種植當茬蔬菜,收成。[3]

集以上所成,耕田是一種集創造、實驗與實踐於一身的一門手藝。做一個好農夫的先決條件是要身體力行,通過觀察與身體的記憶,每一個抉擇與動作都會慢慢內化並成為很自然的一部份。它較像煮食,我可以告訴你煮食的每一個步驟和份量,但真要下廚卻需時間去練習並內化理論與實踐。和很多教導人走捷徑的學問或行業不同,耕作是透過腳踏實地,辛辛苦苦地透過日曬雨淋學曉的。在現今科技日新月異,資訊流動的世界裡,不難找到各種各樣對於耕作的不同看法。今天的農民需要學曉的是如何選取適合的耕作方法並把它適應於自己的土壤、氣候和實際情況。有趣的是有機農田的興旺(至少在日本、韓國、歐美等地)意味著一種時空的對話。我們從1970年代的化學農業走到今天的有機耕作,見證著一整代人於農地試驗農藥,現在正正是這一整代農夫快要退役並教導新一代正要投身的年輕民。農田於是成為一個充滿學習氣氛的地方:傳統農夫對自然規律的智慧,和有機農夫對各種有利環境的耕作方法的交流。正如國學大師錢穆老師的天人合一論:「中國傳統文化精神,自古以來即能注意到不違背天,不違背自然,且又能與天命自然融合一體。[4]」我感受最多的是我真的成為大自然的一部份:我的每一個決定都是根據我觀察周遭環境所得。和過往的教育工作不同,我可以肯定我在田裡的工作沒有為生態帶來任何傷害,更有可能間接使土壤更健康,物種更豐盛。另一個重大發現是時間並非在我掌握之中,放下種子後,我所能做的就是等待。我多麼頻繁的澆水也不及天下的一場雨般滋潤大地。我只能觀察,聽命,成為自然規律的一部份。相反地,現今社會的步伐,速度卻是愈來愈急促,愈來愈物化,價值化,人的存在及功用,彷彿晚一分鐘回覆一個訊息也會死掉般。自然何曾著急過?


        諷刺的是「皇帝不急,太監急」。大自然對存亡與否興趣不大,但我對人類未來感到非常憂心。可惜的是我們的政府仍抱緊新自由主義的經濟學與發展觀[5],「繼續投資多項超級工程,例如發展機場新跑道、開發新發展區和興建人工島。這些計劃將有助提升香港的效率和經濟實力,建造一個理想、宜居的未來城市。[6]」
完全漠視環境、心靈、人情、社區、本土、地球的長遠發展,只一面倒的以「保育」和「發展」作二元對立的討論,落力「發展」(詳見:林超英(2014),〈保育和發展沒有對立:談郊野公園、大嶼山發展、第三條跑道〉),使香港「很忙!從新界東北發展計劃、龍尾灘生物「被」搬家、還有高鐵從牛潭尾震出大角咀,四處飄散著「不遷不拆」、「守護」、「反對」、「保育」、「撤」等聲音,充滿憤怒與無奈。[7]」加上近日的馬屎埔農民黎生被收地事件[8]和錦上路鄉郊規劃[9],「大家終於醒覺香港的環保問題已殺埋身,是前所未有的迫切。[10]」政府的態度仿佛像他們擁有了一雙「上帝之手」,可隨意更改大自然的土地和海洋,任意找一堆藉口去為金錢發展主導的發展來發展。存活在這個城、鄉、自然充滿衝突的城市和年代,我覺得現在最重要的生命教育是很踏實的站在泥土上,一手一腳的通過自己的身體和大自然互動,量度、感受、明白和分享對於工業革命後的現代化社會,我們到底失去了什麼。而唯一我知道可以坦率,理直氣壯地非停留在討論「環境破壞、資源戰爭、工廠化養殖、血汗工廠[11]」的層面上而作出一點行動的,就是從種植自己的食物開始,拿回生活的自主權。全球化的分工與異化已發展到一個地步讓「我們對於我們種種購物行為背後所牽連的人、環境與動物視而不見。[12]」讓人和人或人和物件只剩下一種金錢交易的單一關係。「如果我們種植自己的食物,我們不會浪費其三份之一;如果我們自己製造桌椅,我們不會因室內裝飾的改變而把它們掉棄;如果我們要為自己的食水進行清潔,我們或許不會在水裡面大便。[13]」在瞭解到我們的存在對環境帶來的各種災害後,希望我能夠成為一個有利環境,有利社區的農夫。


        透過中學教育,我看見了一個與自然完全脫節的教育系統如何繼續培育一群以消耗為主的模式去和大自然相處的人,但農田裡和其周邊的見聞卻使我對生命教育的未來充滿希望,因為關注自然環境的人多了,發聲和抗爭的方法也更多元,更深入。我覺得我活在最好的時代,也是最壞的時代。一個百花齊放,百家爭鳴的年代。也是一個承先啟後的關鍵年代。容我以人稱「台灣觀光教父」的嚴長壽的幾句話作為我對於生命過去、現在和未來教育曾經和將要面對的挑戰作結:

上一代的我們雖然一無所有,但我們從零做起,卻懷抱無限希望;
這一代的他們,生於安樂、充滿保障,卻因為找不到謀生的能力而對未來感到失望;
再下一代的子孫更將面臨國家負債、少子老化、資源耗盡完全無法承擔的絕望。 





參考資料:

馬寶寶社區農場

錢穆(1998),〈中國文化對人類未來可有的貢獻〉,《錢賓四先生全集》(台北:聯經出版事業公司,1998),卷 43〈世界局勢與中國文化〉,頁 419-423。並附有錢胡美琦寫的〈後記〉,頁 424-429。 http://www.sowers.org.hk/ckuploads/files/20121212145257.pdf

曾俊華(2014),〈二零一四至一五財政年度財政預算案〉

新自由主義(维基百科)

林超英(2014),〈保育和發展沒有對立:談郊野公園、大嶼山發展、第三條跑道〉

姚敏惠(2012),〈我們的綠色大事回顧〉新假期

本土研究社(2014),《租地任我行—馬屎埔短期批租土地個案研究報告》

本土研究社(2014),〈地政,你玩哂啦! 〉

朱凱迪(2014),〈八鄉報專題:黑箱規劃 摧毀錦上路鄉郊〉

陳宛茜(2014)〈拚創意 不填鴨 「改變就是起點」〉,聯合報台北報導

土地正義聯盟(2014)〈檢討農業政策 首重食物自給率及保護農地〉

Froelich, A. (2013), The Man Who Lives Without Money

Hawking S., Life in the Universe

Moore, E. (2013), Forget banking, become a farmer







[1] Moore (2013), Forget banking, become a farmer
[2] Hawking, Life in the Universe
[3]馬寶寶社區農場(http://mapopo.wordpress.com/)
[4]錢穆〈中國文化對人類未來可有的貢獻〉
[5]新自由主義(维基百科)
[6]曾俊華〈二零一四至一五財政年度財政預算案〉
[7]姚敏惠〈我們的綠色大事回顧〉
[8]本土研究社〈租地任我行—馬屎埔短期批租土地個案研究報告〉
[9]朱凱迪〈八鄉報專題:黑箱規劃 摧毀錦上路鄉郊〉
[10]姚敏惠〈我們的綠色大事回顧〉
[11]Froelich (2013), The Man Who Lives Without Money
[12]同上
[13]同上

Sunday, 20 November 2011

International Pretentious City


走在浮華、荒謬、自我形象膨脹的時代中心,並承番外南蠻嘈雜、五光十色、大紫大紅的優秀傳統,繼續為您提供擦鞋服務。


人離鄉賤,物離鄉貴。

這移民來的國際都市,只有丁點農作物的….文化….大都會…

人應該如何與天空、大地、家庭共處?

Thursday, 20 October 2011

Still Life in Oil


Still Life in Oil
2011
Daniel Beltra

This beautiful but distressing image earned photographer Daniel Beltra from Spain the prestigious title of 2011 Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year.

The photograph, named Still Life in Oil, shows eight brown pelicans smothered in oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill.


http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/15359263

Wednesday, 19 October 2011

Still waiting




Can't believed I missed this when I was studying at Edinburgh!!

I hope they do the play where nothing happens twice again.

Sunday, 26 September 2010

It's real.

After seeing Modern Children off the ferry port, a short journey through the rice fields took me back to the spot in between the House of Shodoshima, the Voices from Disappeared People and our dormitory. There I was, gazing over the terraces along with the sunshine and a song from Mongolia.
That was how dreams blended with reality, that is what we are trying to do and that is when I saw 6 little birds fly off towards the bright blue sky.

Sunday, 22 March 2009

When did we lose our child like ability to see the world?

Currelty doing my research on Hundertwasser House in Vienna.

I'm responsible for looking at societies' response to it's construction and development over all these years since it's finishing in 1986.

I came across this article and it made me wonder why art and architecture had to be imbued with all these complex ideologies in order to have depth and culture. When did we begin to feed ourselves with the notion that because it has many folds of complexity and implicit meanings, that is what makes it beautiful and deeply mysterious?

A child never thinks like that. The world is beautiful in its own right no matter the colour, form or subject matter. Here's the opening sentence to the article:

"I picked up my niece at Vienna International Airport wondering what I would do with her. She is 22 years old, on her first visit to Vienna, and isn't interested in anything. You probably have relatives like this."

Which made me think a lot about why adults struggle so hard to find interesting things to do with people a generation below them. (It's not just Macdonald's Happy Meal / a playground or a concert that serves a growing child's burst of imaginative creativity, is it?)

It also reminded me of a TED video on "Do Schools Kill Creativity?" that mw urged me to watch awhile ago.

The article ended with this sentence:

"Even my niece was drawn to this magical place, waking up in surprise from her sleepy life to discover that there was at least one museum she actually liked."

Is it time architects go back to basics and think about how our inner childs look at buildings of tomorrow?

Sunday, 22 February 2009

A quote on skyscrapers of our generation

"Designs that are vast only by their dimensions, are always the sign of a common and low imagination. No work of art can be great but as it deceive, to be otherwise is the prerogative of nature only"

-------- Humphry Repton (1752-1818) quoting Edmund Burke

In plain simple English:

Designs that are merely big in scale are a sign of lack of imagination. All artworks that are great are artificial. Only nature is allowed to do artworks that are natural.

That was written in the 18th century, and it refers to British landscape designing, so I guess we have moved ahead of their times and realised that this statement is faulty?
And we should continue to race against each other to build the tallest, highest, most expensive building in the world to prove that we have great engineering capabilities and inventiveness.

While the electronics world are coming out with products that are becoming more compact with more functions and memory; buildings are becoming bigger, taller, grander.
Well, I guess they are the same afterall, they are simply consumer products of our age, with price tags stuck on them to see who becomes the most famous brand as well as help consumers make 2nd hand profit on ebay or in the real estate market.

Friday, 20 February 2009

The beauty of chance reflections that city dwellers perhaps lack there of

'if a man was to take notice of the reflections that came into his mind on a sudden, as he was walking in the fields or sauntering in his study, there might be several of them perhaps as good as his most deliberate thoughts'

-----Alexander Pope, English philosopher

Monday, 9 February 2009

Summer voluntary work: 1) Echigo Tsumari Art Triennial 2009, 2) Aqua Metropolis Osaka 2009, 3) Fundraising efforts:

Dear all,

I will be doing voluntary work in Japan this summer. In the remote
rice farming communities of Echigo Tsumari, Niigata and also in the
sprawling metropolis of the city of Osaka.

1) Echigo Tsumari Art Triennial 2009

Echigo Tsumari (Niigata province, Japan) is a city scattered with rice
fields, dotted with hills and a brush of river running in between. The
art triennial is about using public art to revitalise vast amounts of
land covering six farming municipalities.

The story goes that urbanisation, a lowered demand for pearl rice in
Japan and a declining birth rate has meant that schools continue to
close down and the average age of the population continues to
increase. Its a trend that the entire nation will have to face and, in
many ways, what happens in the villages is a preview of times to come.

300 or so artists, mostly from Japan, but also selected from all over
the globe, will gather in Echigo Tsumari this summer to celebrate it's
4th Triennial by creating artworks addressing themes touching upon
the vice and virtues, friendships and conflicts of our contemporary
world.

I shall be working with a Hong Kong artist, Mr. Kingsley Ng (伍韶勁), who has
been selected by the Echigo Tsumari community to create an artwork
amongst rice paddies and village townhouses.

Please follow the link to see one of Mr. Ng's art piece called metier
a tisser musical (Musical Loom)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=HK&hl=zh-TW&v=qXjKmerqHwY

The following are related links:

facebook group:
Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennial 越後妻有大地の芸術祭

Kingsleys Ng's homepage:
http://www.kingsleyng.com/

Echigo Tsumari Art Triennial 2009:
http://www.echigo-tsumari.jp/

2) Aqua Metropolis Osaka 2009

I shall also be working on an art project for the
city of Osaka under the title 'Aqua Metropolis Osaka 2009', an
initiative that aims to bring water back to the city of
Osaka.
Osaka was once known as the Venice of the east due to its rich
waterways. Modern infrastructure has meant reclamation and an
explosion of vehicles on concrete roads instead of water
transport as a way of commuting.

The project aims to stimulate questions about modern urban land use
and explore various themes such as conservation, nature,
city, development, and urban interaction.

The following are related links:

Aqua Metropolis Osaka 2009' Touting new city image
http://www.osakacity.org/news/newsItem.aspx?news=370

Kansai in Focus: Waterside with people: for revival of 'aquapolis'
http://www.kippo.or.jp/KansaiWindowHtml/News/2008-e/20081105_News.html


3) Fundraising efforts:

In order to make all these happen, we plan to
have a tour to sponsor the artist, Mr. Kingsley Ng and
his team as well as students who will form a team at Echigo Tsumari
and Osaka.

The tour will be led by Mr. Alexander Hui (許日銓), a trained architect who was
a curator and lecturer from the University of Hong Kong. He also spent
some years as the executive officer of the Hong Kong Arts Centre.
He is currently pursuing a PhD degree and is also actively involved in
many community projects in Hong Kong.

One tour will cover a special preview to Echigo Tsumari to see the artists and volunteers at work.
The other tour will take all to a special visit to the Naoshima,
inland Seto Sea area for a special preview of not only places like
ChiChu and Inujima with the curators but also museums and art sites
under construction by Tadao Ando, Hiroyoshi Nishizawa and Li U Fan in
preparation for their opening in 2010.

If you are interested in these projects / tours / donations,
please email to

James Lam (林自立)
juanjaime@gmail.com

or
Alex hui (許日銓)
huialexy@hotmail.com

Warm regards,
James Lam

Saturday, 7 February 2009

More snowing in Edinburgh and food

Night snow scene...



They were in fact car tires making pattern on the snow, hence from the parallel lines, you could tell 2 cars moved back in order to get out.


Biblos Sweet Potato Wedges.... hmm... gems of Edinburgh food that I recently discovered. I can have this 3 times a day.


Home cooked Lamp Chop with Asparagus.... should've added corn for colour effect.
It tasted very lampy, which is exactly what I wanted, and as a result, my flat stunk : )

Monday, 2 February 2009

Snow and view from my bedroom

Pick your favourite, or least favourite, as the case may be.




Makes me nostalgic for the wonderful ski trip in Anzere, Switzerland some years back.